Overview
Digestive: dyspepsia, flatulence, bloating, loss of appetite; infant colic (including combo formulas). Respiratory: coughs, bronchitis, URT infections/excess secretions. Reproductive: dysmenorrhea support (drops/2% prep study); traditional galactagogue/emmenagogue uses are commonly cited in materia medica (also listed on page).
Plant family
Apiaceae (formerly Umbeliferae)
Parts used
Seeds, essential oil, leaves, stalk
Actions
Carminative · Antimicrobial · Expectorant
Affinities
Respiratory · Digestive · Reproductive
Body systems
Respiratory · Digestive · Reproductive
Taste profile
Sweet, warm, agreeable
Energetics
Warming
Tissue states
Traditional use
Long European and Chinese traditional use for abdominal cramps, digestion support, and stimulating milk production. Traditional topical poultice use for snakebites is listed.
Current use
Digestive: dyspepsia, flatulence, bloating, loss of appetite; infant colic (including combo formulas). Respiratory: coughs, bronchitis, URT infections/excess secretions. Reproductive: dysmenorrhea support (drops/2% prep study); traditional galactagogue/emmenagogue uses are commonly cited in materia medica (also listed on page).
Dosage guidance
Tea: 1-2 g crushed/ground seed in 150 mL boiling water, boil 5-10 min, strain, 3x daily. Topical: 2-5% NAB fennel emulsion.
Cautions & contraindications
Can cause photodermatitis — avoid excessive sun/UV exposure. German Commission E: can cause allergies; avoid prolonged medicinal use without professional consultation. Allergic cross-sensitivity possible with carrot, celery, mugwort, or other Apiaceae plants. May increase anticoagulant effects. Safe for Consumption when used appropriately.
Evidence notes
Page cites clinical evidence for dysmenorrhea and infant colic (in combination product). Mechanistic notes center on anethole/fenchone effects on GI motility and respiratory secretions. Safety notes include photodermatitis risk and possible anticoagulant potentiation.